Spermatozoal synapomorphies which singly or collectively distinguish #Raninoidea$ are : (1) the presence of single (#Ranina$), #Raninoides$) or multiple (#Lyreidus$) keel-like projections of the acrosomal zone (#Ranina$, #Raninoides$) and an homologous large outer zone in #Lyreidus$; (3) poor differentiation of the operculum from the capsule (autapomorphy); (4) a very well developed, perforate subopercular zone, of variable form; (5) presence of unique inward longitudinal projections (septa or corrugations) in the wall of the subacrosomal chamber (autapomorphy). Shared, presumably synapomorphic characters of #Ranina$ and #Raninoides$ but not of #Lyreidus$ within the #Raninidae$, are (1) branching of some of the subacrosomal septa (unbranched in #Lyreidus$); (2) the subspheroidal form of the acrosome in #Ranina$ with a lenth : width ratio (L:W) of O.76, and, although slightly more depressed form in #Lyreidus$ (L:W 0.52). (D'après résumé d'auteur)
